Wi-Fi protocols are standards that define how wireless networks communicate. The most common protocols include 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g, 802.11n, and 802.11ac. Each version offers different speeds, ranges, and frequencies, allowing devices to connect to the internet without cables. The latest protocol, 802.11ax, also known as Wi-Fi 6, improves performance in crowded areas and enhances battery life for connected devices. These protocols ensure compatibility between various devices, such as smartphones, laptops, and routers, enabling seamless internet access in homes and businesses.