Western monasticism refers to the religious practice of individuals living in community or solitude, dedicated to spiritual growth and service. It began in the early centuries of Christianity, influenced by the teachings of figures like St. Benedict, who established the Rule of St. Benedict, outlining a balanced life of prayer, work, and study. Monasteries became centers of learning, agriculture, and preservation of knowledge during the Middle Ages. Monks and nuns followed specific vows, such as poverty, chastity, and obedience, fostering a lifestyle focused on devotion to God and community service, which continues in various forms today.