Western civilization refers to the cultural, political, and social heritage that has developed in Europe and the Americas over centuries. It is rooted in ancient Greece and Rome, which laid the foundations for philosophy, democracy, and law. Key influences also include the Renaissance, the Reformation, and the Enlightenment, which promoted ideas of individual rights and scientific inquiry. This civilization is characterized by its emphasis on reason, humanism, and secularism, alongside a rich tradition of art, literature, and science. Major historical events, such as the Industrial Revolution and the World Wars, have shaped its modern identity, impacting global culture and politics.