Wavefront sensing is a technique used to measure the shape and quality of light waves as they travel through space. It helps in identifying distortions in the wavefront, which can occur due to atmospheric conditions or imperfections in optical systems. This information is crucial for improving the performance of telescopes, lasers, and other optical devices. The process typically involves using a device called a wavefront sensor, which captures the incoming light and analyzes its phase and amplitude. By understanding these characteristics, scientists and engineers can make adjustments to optical systems, enhancing image clarity and overall performance in various applications, including astronomy and telecommunications.