A wave soliton is a self-reinforcing solitary wave that maintains its shape while traveling at a constant speed. It occurs in various physical systems, such as water waves, optical fibers, and even in certain types of plasma. Solitons arise due to a delicate balance between nonlinearity and dispersion, allowing them to propagate without changing form. These waves were first discovered in the context of fluid dynamics by John Scott Russell in the 19th century. Solitons have important applications in fields like fiber optics, where they help in transmitting information over long distances without distortion.