Waterborne diseases are illnesses caused by pathogens found in contaminated water. These pathogens can include bacteria, viruses, and parasites that enter the water supply through various sources, such as sewage, agricultural runoff, or inadequate sanitation. Common waterborne diseases include cholera, typhoid fever, and giardiasis, which can lead to severe health issues, especially in vulnerable populations. Preventing waterborne diseases involves ensuring access to clean drinking water and proper sanitation facilities. Treatment methods, such as boiling water or using water purification tablets, can help eliminate harmful pathogens. Public health initiatives also focus on educating communities about hygiene practices to reduce the risk of infection.