Vulkanen, or volcanoes, are geological formations that occur when molten rock, known as magma, escapes from beneath the Earth's crust. This process can create various types of eruptions, leading to the formation of mountains, islands, and other landforms. Volcanoes can be found all over the world, often in areas where tectonic plates meet. There are different types of volcanoes, including shield volcanoes, composite volcanoes, and cinder cone volcanoes. Each type has unique characteristics based on its shape, eruption style, and the materials it produces. Understanding volcanoes is essential for predicting eruptions and mitigating their potential hazards.