Vortex dynamics is the study of the behavior and movement of vortices, which are swirling flows of fluid. These vortices can be found in various contexts, such as in ocean currents, atmospheric phenomena, and even in aerodynamics. Understanding how vortices form, evolve, and interact is crucial for predicting weather patterns and improving the design of vehicles like airplanes. In fluid mechanics, vortices can be classified into different types, such as free vortices and bound vortices. Free vortices occur in open flows, while bound vortices are associated with solid bodies, like the wake behind a wing. The principles of vortex dynamics are essential for applications in engineering, meteorology, and environmental science.