Voltage sags are temporary reductions in voltage levels in an electrical system, often lasting from a few milliseconds to several seconds. They can occur due to sudden increases in electrical demand, such as when large machinery starts up, or due to faults in the power supply, like short circuits. These sags can affect the performance of sensitive equipment, leading to malfunctions or shutdowns. Common causes of voltage sags include motor startups, lightning strikes, and power grid disturbances. Industries that rely on sensitive electronics, such as data centers and manufacturing plants, are particularly vulnerable to these fluctuations. Monitoring and managing voltage sags is essential for maintaining equipment reliability and operational efficiency.