Volcanic islands are landforms created by volcanic activity, where magma from beneath the Earth's crust erupts through the surface. Over time, repeated eruptions build up layers of lava and ash, forming islands. Examples of volcanic islands include Hawaii and Iceland, which are known for their unique landscapes and geological features. These islands often have diverse ecosystems due to their isolation and varied environments. The volcanic soil is typically rich in nutrients, supporting a wide range of plant and animal life. Additionally, volcanic islands can be prone to natural hazards, such as eruptions and earthquakes, which can impact their inhabitants and ecosystems.