Viking longships were advanced naval vessels used by the Vikings from the late 8th to the early 11th century. These ships were designed for speed and agility, featuring a long, narrow hull and a shallow draft, allowing them to navigate both open seas and shallow rivers. The longships were typically made of oak and could carry up to 60 warriors, making them ideal for raids and exploration. The longship's design included a single mast with a square sail, which provided power from the wind, and oars for rowing. This combination allowed the Vikings to travel vast distances, reaching places like North America, Iceland, and Greenland. The longship's versatility played a crucial role in the expansion of Viking culture and trade.