Vertical Partitioning is a database design technique that involves dividing a table into smaller, more manageable pieces based on columns. This method allows for improved performance and efficiency, as it enables the database to access only the necessary data for a specific query, reducing the amount of information processed. By separating frequently accessed columns from those that are rarely used, Vertical Partitioning can optimize storage and speed up data retrieval. This approach is particularly beneficial in large databases where certain attributes are more relevant to specific operations, enhancing overall system performance and resource utilization.