Vertical mobility refers to the ability of individuals or groups to move up or down the social or economic ladder. This movement can occur through various means, such as education, employment opportunities, or changes in wealth. For example, a person who earns a college degree may experience upward mobility by securing a higher-paying job. In contrast, downward mobility occurs when individuals or families experience a decline in their social or economic status. Factors contributing to this can include job loss, economic downturns, or health issues. Both types of mobility are important for understanding social dynamics and the overall structure of society, including concepts like socioeconomic status and class.