Vermilion is a bright red to reddish-orange pigment that has been used in art and decoration for centuries. It is made from the mineral cinnabar, which contains mercury sulfide. Historically, vermilion was prized for its vibrant color and was often used in paintings, manuscripts, and even cosmetics. In modern times, synthetic versions of vermilion are available, providing a safer alternative to the toxic natural pigment. Vermilion is commonly used in various applications, including fine art, graphic design, and interior decoration, where its striking hue can add warmth and energy to a composition.