Venezuelan politics has been characterized by significant turmoil and polarization, especially since the late 1990s. The rise of Hugo Chávez, who became president in 1999, marked the beginning of a socialist government that aimed to redistribute wealth and reduce poverty. His policies, known as the "Bolivarian Revolution," have led to both support and opposition among the population. After Chávez's death in 2013, Nicolás Maduro took over, facing increasing criticism for economic mismanagement and authoritarian practices. The country has experienced severe economic crises, leading to widespread protests and a humanitarian crisis, with many citizens fleeing to neighboring countries in search of better living conditions.