Venera 7 was a Soviet space probe launched on August 17, 1970, designed to study the planet Venus. It became the first spacecraft to successfully transmit data from the surface of another planet, sending back information about temperature, pressure, and atmospheric composition. On December 15, 1970, Venera 7 landed on Venus and operated for about 23 minutes before succumbing to the extreme conditions. It recorded surface temperatures of around 475 degrees Celsius and pressures about 90 times that of Earth, providing valuable insights into the harsh environment of Venus.