A vector quantity is a physical quantity that has both magnitude and direction. Examples of vector quantities include velocity, force, and acceleration. Unlike scalar quantities, which only have magnitude (like temperature or mass), vector quantities provide more information by indicating how much and in which direction something is acting. Vectors are often represented graphically with arrows, where the length of the arrow indicates the magnitude and the arrowhead shows the direction. In mathematics and physics, vector quantities can be added or subtracted using specific rules, allowing for complex calculations in various fields, including engineering and navigation.