The Variola virus is the causative agent of smallpox, a highly contagious disease that was characterized by fever and a distinctive skin rash. It belongs to the Poxviridae family and is known for its ability to spread through respiratory droplets and direct contact with infected individuals or contaminated objects. Smallpox was a significant global health threat until its eradication in 1980. The World Health Organization (WHO) led a successful vaccination campaign that ultimately eliminated smallpox, making it the first disease to be eradicated by human effort. Today, the Variola virus is stored in secure laboratories for research purposes, as it is important for understanding poxvirus-related diseases and developing potential treatments or vaccines.