Valence Bond Theory is a fundamental concept in chemistry that explains how atoms bond together to form molecules. It suggests that a chemical bond forms when atomic orbitals from two atoms overlap, allowing their electrons to pair up. This overlap creates a stable interaction, leading to the formation of a bond. The theory emphasizes the importance of electron pairs and the shapes of atomic orbitals. By considering the orientation and overlap of these orbitals, Valence Bond Theory helps predict the geometry of molecules, such as in water or methane, and provides insight into their chemical properties.