Vacuum deposition is a process used to apply thin films of material onto surfaces in a controlled environment. This technique involves placing the substrate in a vacuum chamber, where the air pressure is significantly reduced. By doing so, contaminants are minimized, allowing for a more uniform and high-quality coating. During vacuum deposition, materials such as metals or polymers are heated until they evaporate or are sputtered. The vapor then travels through the vacuum and condenses on the substrate, forming a thin layer. This method is commonly used in industries like electronics, optics, and solar cells to enhance performance and durability.