User access refers to the permissions and rights granted to individuals or groups to interact with a system, application, or resource. It determines what users can see and do within a digital environment, such as viewing files, editing documents, or managing settings. Proper user access management is essential for maintaining security and ensuring that sensitive information is only available to authorized personnel. Effective user access controls often involve roles and permissions, which help streamline the process of granting access. For instance, an organization may use a system like Active Directory to manage user accounts and assign specific roles, ensuring that employees have the appropriate level of access based on their job responsibilities.