Urologists are medical doctors who specialize in diagnosing and treating conditions related to the urinary tract and male reproductive system. They handle issues involving the kidneys, bladder, urethra, and adrenal glands, as well as male reproductive organs like the prostate and testes. Common conditions treated by urologists include urinary tract infections, kidney stones, and prostate cancer. These specialists often perform various procedures, including surgeries, to address these conditions. Urologists may also work closely with other healthcare professionals, such as nephrologists and oncologists, to provide comprehensive care for patients with complex health issues.