Urban warfare refers to military operations conducted in urban environments, such as cities and towns. This type of warfare often involves close-quarters combat, where soldiers navigate through buildings, streets, and other structures. The complexity of urban settings can create challenges for both attackers and defenders, as civilians may be present, and infrastructure can be damaged. In urban warfare, tactics may include house-to-house fighting, sniping, and the use of heavy weaponry. Forces may also employ drones and armored vehicles to gain an advantage. The presence of non-combatants complicates operations, as military personnel must balance combat objectives with the need to protect civilians.