Urban runoff refers to the water that flows over surfaces in urban areas, such as roads, parking lots, and rooftops, during and after rainfall. This water often carries pollutants like oil, heavy metals, and debris, which can harm local ecosystems and water quality when it enters rivers, lakes, and oceans. To manage urban runoff, cities implement strategies like green roofs, permeable pavement, and rain gardens. These solutions help absorb rainwater, reduce flooding, and filter out contaminants before they reach natural water bodies, promoting healthier urban environments and sustainable water management practices.