Urban ecosystems are environments found in cities and towns where both natural and human-made elements interact. These ecosystems include parks, gardens, rivers, and green roofs, which provide habitats for various species of plants and animals. They also support human activities and contribute to the overall quality of life in urban areas. In urban ecosystems, biodiversity plays a crucial role in maintaining ecological balance. The presence of trees, birds, and insects helps pollinate plants and control pests. Additionally, urban ecosystems can improve air quality, reduce heat, and manage stormwater, making cities more sustainable and resilient to environmental challenges.