The term "Urartian" refers to the ancient civilization that thrived in the region of modern-day eastern Turkey, particularly around Lake Van, from the 9th to the 6th centuries BCE. The Urartians are known for their impressive fortresses, advanced metallurgy, and unique language, which is related to the Hurrian language family. Their society was organized around a monarchy and was heavily influenced by neighboring cultures, including the Assyrians. The Urartian kingdom was characterized by its rich agricultural practices and trade networks. They built extensive irrigation systems and were skilled in pottery and metalwork. The Urartians often engaged in conflicts with surrounding powers, such as the Medes and Assyrians, which ultimately led to their decline. Today, their legacy is preserved through archaeological sites and inscriptions.