The Upanishads are ancient Indian texts that form the philosophical basis of Hinduism. They explore fundamental questions about existence, the nature of reality, and the relationship between the individual soul (Atman) and the ultimate reality (Brahman). Composed in Sanskrit, these texts are part of the larger body of scriptures known as the Vedas. Written between 800 and 400 BCE, the Upanishads emphasize meditation, morality, and the pursuit of knowledge. They introduce concepts such as karma, reincarnation, and the importance of self-realization. These teachings have significantly influenced various spiritual traditions and continue to be studied for their profound insights into life and consciousness.