Universalism and particularism are two contrasting approaches in ethics and social theory. Universalism asserts that certain principles or values apply universally to all people, regardless of culture or context. This perspective promotes the idea that there are common human rights and moral standards that should be upheld globally. In contrast, particularism emphasizes the importance of context, culture, and individual circumstances. It argues that moral judgments and values can vary significantly between different societies and should be understood within their specific cultural frameworks. This approach recognizes the diversity of human experiences and the need for tailored responses to ethical dilemmas.