The United States Coast Guard (USCG) is a branch of the U.S. military responsible for maritime safety, security, and environmental protection. Established in 1790, it operates under the Department of Homeland Security during peacetime and can be transferred to the Department of the Navy during wartime. The USCG conducts search and rescue missions, enforces maritime laws, and protects the nation's coastlines. In addition to its law enforcement duties, the Coast Guard plays a vital role in environmental protection by responding to oil spills and other hazards at sea. It also aids in navigation and maintains aids to navigation, ensuring safe passage for commercial and recreational vessels.