The United States Civil War was a conflict fought from 1861 to 1865 between the northern states, known as the Union, and the southern states that seceded to form the Confederacy. The primary issues leading to the war included disputes over slavery, states' rights, and economic differences. The war resulted in significant loss of life and widespread destruction. It ended with the defeat of the Confederacy and led to the abolition of slavery through the 13th Amendment. The Civil War had lasting effects on American society and politics, shaping the nation’s future.