"Unam Sanctam" is a papal bull issued by Pope Boniface VIII in 1302. It asserts the supremacy of the Roman Catholic Church over all earthly authorities, emphasizing that salvation is only possible through the Church. The document famously states that "there is one holy Catholic Church" and that submission to the Pope is necessary for salvation. The bull was a response to political conflicts, particularly with the French King Philip IV. It reinforced the idea that spiritual authority is greater than temporal power, leading to significant tensions between the Church and secular rulers during the Middle Ages.