Ulugh Beg was a prominent 15th-century Persian astronomer, mathematician, and ruler of the Timurid Empire in Central Asia. Born in 1394, he was the grandson of the famous conqueror Timur. Ulugh Beg is best known for establishing an observatory in Samarkand, where he conducted groundbreaking astronomical research and compiled a star catalog that included the positions of over 1,000 stars. In addition to his contributions to astronomy, Ulugh Beg was also a patron of the arts and education. He promoted the study of science and mathematics, attracting scholars from various regions. His legacy continues to influence the fields of astronomy and mathematics in the Islamic world and beyond.