Ultraviolet disinfection is a process that uses ultraviolet (UV) light to kill or inactivate harmful microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, and protozoa. This method is effective because UV light damages the DNA or RNA of these pathogens, preventing them from reproducing and causing infections. It is commonly used in water treatment, air purification, and surface sanitation. This technology is environmentally friendly, as it does not rely on chemicals, making it a safe option for disinfecting drinking water and other surfaces. Many industries, including healthcare and food processing, utilize ultraviolet disinfection to ensure safety and hygiene in their operations.