Ultrafast laser techniques involve the use of lasers that emit light pulses lasting only femtoseconds (10^-15 seconds). These incredibly short pulses allow scientists to observe and manipulate fast processes in materials, such as chemical reactions and electron movements, which are otherwise too quick to study with traditional methods. These techniques have applications in various fields, including materials science, biophysics, and medical imaging. By providing high temporal resolution, ultrafast lasers enable researchers to gain insights into fundamental processes, leading to advancements in technology and a better understanding of complex systems.