The Ukrainian National Movement refers to the efforts of Ukrainians to establish and promote their national identity, culture, and political independence. This movement gained momentum in the 19th century, influenced by the rise of nationalism in Europe. Key figures, such as Taras Shevchenko, played a significant role in fostering a sense of Ukrainian identity through literature and art. Throughout the 20th century, the movement faced challenges, including foreign domination and political repression. The struggle for independence culminated in the establishment of the Ukrainian People's Republic in 1917 and later the declaration of independence in 1991, following the dissolution of the Soviet Union.