The U.S. Coast Guard is a branch of the United States Armed Forces responsible for maritime safety, security, and environmental protection. Established in 1790, it operates under the Department of Homeland Security during peacetime and can be transferred to the Department of Defense during wartime. The Coast Guard conducts search and rescue missions, enforces maritime laws, and protects the nation's coastlines. In addition to its law enforcement duties, the Coast Guard plays a vital role in protecting the marine environment. It monitors pollution and responds to environmental emergencies. The service also aids in navigation and supports the U.S. Navy during military operations.