A dozen, commonly referred to as twelve, is a numerical term used to represent a group of twelve items. This counting system is widely used in various contexts, such as baking, where recipes often call for a dozen eggs or cookies. The concept of a dozen makes it easier to organize and quantify items in everyday life. The term "dozen" has historical roots, dating back to ancient civilizations. It is often used in commerce and trade, as it simplifies bulk purchasing. Additionally, variations like "baker's dozen," which equals thirteen, are used to account for potential baking errors, ensuring customers receive a full set of goods.