The Turkish National Movement emerged in the early 20th century as a response to the decline of the Ottoman Empire and foreign occupation. It aimed to establish a sovereign nation-state for the Turkish people, promoting national identity and unity. Key figures, such as Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, played a crucial role in organizing resistance against foreign powers and advocating for reforms. The movement gained momentum after World War I, leading to the Turkish War of Independence (1919-1923). This conflict resulted in the establishment of the Republic of Turkey in 1923, marking the end of the Ottoman rule and the beginning of a modern, secular nation under Atatürk's leadership.