The Tulunid dynasty was a Muslim dynasty that ruled parts of Egypt and the Levant from 868 to 905 AD. Founded by Ahmad ibn Tulun, it emerged during the decline of the Abbasid Caliphate. The dynasty is known for its administrative innovations and the establishment of a strong local government, which allowed for greater autonomy from the central authority in Baghdad. Under the Tulunids, the city of Cairo began to flourish, and significant architectural projects were undertaken, including the construction of the Ahmad ibn Tulun Mosque. The dynasty also promoted trade and agriculture, contributing to the economic prosperity of the region during its rule.