Tuberculosis testing is a medical process used to determine if a person has been infected with the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria, which causes tuberculosis (TB). The most common tests include the Mantoux tuberculin skin test and interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs). These tests help identify both active and latent TB infections. If a person tests positive, further evaluation, such as a chest X-ray or sputum test, may be needed to confirm if the infection is active. Early detection is crucial for effective treatment and to prevent the spread of TB to others.