Tsar Nicholas II was the last emperor of Russia, ruling from 1894 until his abdication in 1917. He was born in 1868 and became Tsar after the death of his father, Alexander III. Nicholas II faced many challenges during his reign, including political unrest, economic difficulties, and military defeats, particularly in the Russo-Japanese War. In 1917, amid growing discontent and the Russian Revolution, Nicholas II was forced to step down. He and his family were placed under house arrest and later executed in 1918. Today, he is often remembered for his tragic fate and the end of the Romanov dynasty, which had ruled Russia for over 300 years.