Tsar Ivan Alexander was a ruler of the Second Bulgarian Empire, reigning from 1331 to 1371. He is known for his efforts to strengthen the state and expand its territory. Under his leadership, Bulgaria experienced a cultural revival, with advancements in art and literature. Ivan Alexander's reign was marked by conflicts with neighboring states, including the Ottoman Empire. He initially managed to fend off invasions, but later faced challenges that weakened his kingdom. His legacy includes the promotion of Orthodox Christianity and the establishment of several monasteries, which played a significant role in Bulgarian culture.