Tsar Alexander II ruled Russia from 1855 until his assassination in 1881. He is best known for his significant reforms, including the emancipation of the serfs in 1861, which aimed to modernize the Russian economy and society. This reform allowed millions of peasants to own land and seek better opportunities, although it also faced many challenges. In addition to the emancipation, Alexander II implemented various military, judicial, and educational reforms. His reign is often referred to as the "Era of Great Reforms." Despite his efforts to modernize Russia, he faced opposition from conservatives and revolutionaries, ultimately leading to his assassination by a terrorist group called the People's Will.