Trofim Lysenko (1898-1976) was a Soviet agronomist known for his controversial agricultural theories. He rejected Mendelian genetics and promoted ideas based on the inheritance of acquired characteristics, which he believed could improve crop yields. His methods were widely adopted in the Soviet Union, leading to significant agricultural policies. Lysenko's influence extended beyond agriculture, impacting the scientific community and leading to the persecution of geneticists who opposed his views. His legacy is often associated with the suppression of scientific research in the Soviet Union, highlighting the dangers of political interference in science and the importance of evidence-based practices in fields like genetics and agriculture.