Trench Fever is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Bartonella quintana. It was first identified during World War I when soldiers living in unsanitary conditions in trenches became infected. The disease is primarily transmitted by body lice, which thrive in crowded environments. Symptoms of Trench Fever include high fever, severe headaches, and muscle pain. The illness can last for several days and may recur over time. Although it is not commonly seen today, outbreaks have occurred in homeless populations and among those living in poor hygiene conditions. Treatment typically involves antibiotics to eliminate the infection.