The Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) is a key legal document that outlines the operational framework of the European Union (EU). It establishes the roles and responsibilities of EU institutions, such as the European Commission, European Parliament, and Council of the European Union. The TFEU also sets out the principles governing the internal market, competition, and various policies, ensuring the smooth functioning of the EU. Signed in 2007, the TFEU is part of the broader Treaty of Lisbon, which aimed to enhance the efficiency and democratic legitimacy of the EU. The treaty covers various areas, including economic governance, social policy, and environmental protection, promoting cooperation among member states while respecting their sovereignty.