The Lisbon Treaty is an agreement that was signed in 2007 to reform the structure and functioning of the European Union (EU). It aimed to make the EU more efficient and democratic by streamlining decision-making processes and enhancing the powers of the European Parliament. The treaty also introduced the position of a permanent president of the European Council, which helps to provide stable leadership. Additionally, the Lisbon Treaty emphasized the importance of human rights and fundamental freedoms within the EU. It established the Charter of Fundamental Rights, ensuring that citizens' rights are protected across member states. Overall, the treaty was a significant step towards deeper integration among EU countries.