The Treaty of Versailles was a peace agreement signed in 1919 that officially ended World War I. It was negotiated by the victorious Allied Powers, including countries like the United States, France, and Britain. The treaty imposed heavy penalties on Germany, including territorial losses, military restrictions, and reparations payments, which were meant to prevent future conflicts. Many believed the treaty was too harsh, leading to economic struggles in Germany and fostering resentment. This discontent contributed to the rise of extremist movements, including the ascent of Adolf Hitler and the outbreak of World War II in 1939, highlighting the treaty's long-term consequences.