The Treaty of Amsterdam was signed on October 2, 1997, and came into effect on May 1, 1999. It aimed to reform the structure of the European Union (EU) and enhance its decision-making processes. The treaty introduced changes to the EU's institutions and policies, including the incorporation of the Schengen Agreement into EU law, which allowed for passport-free travel among member states. Additionally, the treaty expanded the powers of the European Parliament and strengthened the role of the Council of the European Union. It also emphasized the importance of human rights and fundamental freedoms, laying the groundwork for future EU expansions and policies.