Transition metal oxides are compounds formed by transition metals and oxygen. These materials exhibit a variety of properties, including electrical conductivity, magnetism, and catalytic activity. They play a crucial role in many applications, such as in batteries, sensors, and catalysts for chemical reactions. The unique characteristics of transition metal oxides arise from their complex electronic structures and the ability of transition metals to exist in multiple oxidation states. Common examples include titanium dioxide and iron oxide, which are widely used in industries ranging from electronics to environmental remediation.